Hypothyroidism is a medical condition that is caused by an underactive thyroid gland and is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, such as fatigue, weight gain, constipation, hair loss, mood swings, and more.
When the thyroid gland fails to produce enough of the hormones it is responsible for, the body’s metabolism slows down and the production of energy is disrupted. This leads to changes in the body’s normal functioning and can have serious consequences if left untreated. In some cases, it can even lead to depression and other mental health issues.
When the thyroid levels become extremely low is that they can cause a condition known as myxedema. Myxedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism and can cause a wide range of symptoms, such as
- Fatigue
- Anemia
- Weakness
- A low body temperature
- Mental fog
- Dry skin
- Coma or death if untreated.
Other very serious complications, such as heart failure or respiratory failure, can occur with this condition. In some cases, myxedema can also be life-threatening and should be addressed as quickly as possible.
What is the function of the Thyroid?
According to Dr. Valeria Simone MD, an experienced general surgeon at Southlake General Surgery, Texas, the thyroid is responsible for the production of hormones known as thyroxine, which regulates many bodily processes, including growth and development, metabolism, and body temperature, amongst others.
Thyroxine also controls the body’s metabolic rate, which in turn controls how quickly the body burns calories. The hypothalamus gland secretes a hormone known as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which triggers the release of thyroxine into the bloodstream.
The thyroid is encouraged to create more thyroxine because of the stimulation provided by the thyroid stimulating hormone (TRH), which causes the pituitary gland to produce three extra hormones.
These hormones are subsequently secreted into the bloodstream. This cycle of responses contributes to the maintenance of the body’s hormonal balance, which in turn helps to regulate the body’s metabolic rate.
The entire body reacts negatively when the thyroid hormone level is either too high (hyperthyroidism) or too low (hypothyroidism).
Who gets hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is a condition that can afflict anyone of any age, gender, or socioeconomic status. Although it is most common in women over the age of 60, it can also afflict those of any age, including infants.
Individuals predisposed to having celiac disease include those who have a history of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes or celiac disease. Furthermore, individuals with a family history of hypothyroidism are at a greater risk of developing the disease themselves.
What distinguishes hypothyroidism from hyperthyroidism?
Disorders of the thyroid gland, known as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, are two separate conditions. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are defined by abnormalities in hormone production; however, in the case of hypothyroidism, the thyroid is underactive, and hormone production is reduced, whereas in the case of hyperthyroidism, the thyroid is hyperactive.
Although both can cause similar symptoms including lethargy, weight gain, thinning hair, emotional swings, and bowel issues, they act on the body in completely different ways.
An elevated heart rate, trembling, and intolerance to heat are all symptoms of hyperthyroidism, while fatigue, weight gain, and depression are all signs of hypothyroidism.
What are the causes of hypothyroidism?
There is a possibility of a primary cause or a secondary reason for hypothyroidism. The most prevalent form of hypothyroidism, known as “primary hypothyroidism,” results from problems within the thyroid gland. Hashimoto’s disease, a lack of iodine or selenium, medication, radiation therapy, surgery, or a pre-existing hereditary predisposition are just a few of the potential triggers.
There are numerous additional primary reasons for hypothyroidism, such as:
- specific drugs
- iodine or selenium deficiency
- genetic abnormalities
- radiation therapy
- certain types of surgery
- autoimmune illnesses.
Hypothyroidism can also be brought on by thyroid inflammation (thyroiditis), which may be brought on by infection, radiation therapy, specific drugs, or even genetic abnormalities.
Reductions in thyrotropin-releasing hormone production led to secondary hypothyroidism (TRH). Many medical conditions, including those affecting the pituitary or hypothalamus, autoimmune thyroiditis, some prescription drugs, radiation therapy, and surgery can lead to a decrease in TRH.
Most cases of secondary hypothyroidism are brought on by some other health problem that prevents the body from making enough of the hormones required to keep metabolism in check. If the thyroid gland is damaged or doesn’t generate enough hormones, this can also lead to hypothyroidism known as secondary hypothyroidism.
If you suffer from either primary or secondary hypothyroidism, getting a proper diagnosis and treatment plan is crucial for symptom control and keeping your thyroid functioning at its best.
What factors lead to pregnancy-related hypothyroidism?
Some women experience hypothyroidism during pregnancy because their thyroid gland produces less hormones than usual. Iodine deficiency, autoimmune disorders like Hashimoto’s, certain drugs, radiation therapy, surgeries, and even genetics can all play a role in bringing this about.
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy can have a significant impact on fetal development and can lead to an increased risk of miscarriage and preterm labor. In some cases, hypothyroidism can cause developmental delays and birth defects.
It is important to get an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan in order to manage symptoms and maintain optimal thyroid function during pregnancy. In addition to medications, dietary changes and lifestyle modifications can be used to help manage hypothyroidism during pregnancy.
Thyroid and birth control
Thyroid health may be affected by contraceptive pills. If you have concerns about your thyroid, you should talk to your doctor about the birth control options that provide the least risk to you.
Hormonal birth control techniques like the pill, patch, and ring, for instance, have been linked to hormone imbalances that may result in either an overactive or underactive thyroid.
Moreover, some research has linked long-term birth control pill use to an increased chance of developing Hashimoto’s disease, an autoimmune disease that is commonly accompanied by hypothyroidism.
Does hypothyroidism induce erectile dysfunction?
Symptoms of erectile dysfunction may be exacerbated by hypothyroidism, although the condition itself is not thought to be a primary cause of erectile dysfunction. Hypothyroidism, for instance, has been linked to erectile dysfunction since it can lead to fatigue, depression, and lowered libido.
An imbalance in hormones like testosterone can also influence erectile dysfunction, and hypothyroidism is a common cause of such an imbalance. It is important to contact a doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan if a person is showing symptoms of both hypothyroidism and erectile dysfunction.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism
A person’s experience with hypothyroidism’s symptoms will change based on the disease’s severity and duration. Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include:
- fatigue
- weight gain
- dry skin
- constipation
- hair loss
- sensitivity to cold temperatures
- depression
- forgetfulness
- slow heart rate
- a raspy voice
Muscle and joint pain, brittle nails, and an irregular menstrual cycle are further signs. Hypothyroidism can cause serious complications if not treated, including:
- high blood pressure
- an enlarged heart
- infertility
- an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
If you are having any of these symptoms, consult a doctor right once so you can get a proper diagnosis and start treatment right away.
Does Hypothyroidism lead to weight gain?
Weight gain is common in people with hypothyroidism, especially if the disease goes untreated. Weight loss can be challenging for those with hypothyroidism due to the condition’s potential to decrease the metabolism and disrupt regular digestive processes.
Hypothyroidism also causes fluid retention, which can make a person appear to have gained weight even if they haven’t. Managing your hypothyroidism through medication and lifestyle changes, such as adopting a balanced diet and engaging in regular exercise, is the most effective strategy to combat the weight gain that often accompanies this illness.
How to diagnose Hypothyroidism?
It can be diagnosed using a combination of symptoms, a physical exam, and hormone levels checked in the blood.
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the focus of the most widely performed blood test. A free T4 test measures the quantity of free thyroxine in the blood, and a free T3 test measures the amount of free triiodothyronine in the blood, however, these aren’t the only tests that may be performed.
A diagnosis of hypothyroidism or any underlying health problem may require additional testing if thyroid hormone levels are below normal. Thyroid enlargement and the presence of nodules can be detected with imaging tests like an ultrasound or CT scan. Once a diagnosis has been made, treatment can begin to alleviate signs and symptoms.
Treatment of Hypothyroidism
According to Dr. Valeria Simone MD, an experienced general surgeon at Southlake General Surgery, Texas, USA, this condition can be diagnosed with the help of a physical examination and hormone levels measured in the blood.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) tests are the most widely performed blood test for determining the level of TSH in the body. Free T4 tests and free T3 tests can determine how much thyroxine and triiodothyronine, respectively, are circulating in the blood.
If your thyroid hormone levels are low, you may be suffering from hypothyroidism, and you should see your doctor right once. Thyroid enlargement and the presence of nodules can be diagnosed with imaging procedures like ultrasound and CT scan.
After a proper diagnosis has been made, treatment can begin to alleviate the underlying illness and its symptoms.
Symptoms of untreated hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism can lead to more serious health problems if it is not addressed in a timely manner, including:
- heart failure
- breathing problems
- infertility
- incidence of goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland)
- the risk of developing cardiovascular disease or cerebrovascular disease
- unable to regulate body temperature
In addition to this, it has been linked to major mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression.
Hypothyroidism left untreated for an extended period can lead to a condition known as myxedema coma, which is a condition that poses an immediate risk to one’s life and requires prompt medical intervention.
If you have been diagnosed with hypothyroidism, it is critical to seek immediate medical attention and adhere to the treatment plans that have been advised to reduce the risk of developing more significant medical consequences.
Do I need to continue with the same medicines for Hypothyroidism for the rest of my life?
Since the requirements of each person are unique, it is essential to collaborate with one’s physician to ascertain the dosage that is most appropriate for their particular medical condition.
As a general guideline, it is vital to have regular check-ups with your healthcare practitioner to monitor your thyroid hormone levels and modify the dosage as required.
Every six months, you should schedule another one of these visits. This is especially important to keep in mind if you experience any signs or symptoms of being over- or under-medicated.
For some patients, the dosage of their medication may need to be modified over time, while for others, it may be the case that it can be maintained at the same level for several years.
Prevention of Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism can sometimes be avoided by limiting or avoiding exposure to environmental elements that can damage the thyroid gland, such as radiation, some drugs, and excessive iodine intake.
The risk of developing hypothyroidism can also be lowered by leading a healthy lifestyle and giving up on unhealthy habits like smoking. However, certain forms of hypothyroidism are inherited and cannot be prevented.
Hypothyroidism can be detected early with the help of routine check-ups and blood tests, which can lead to rapid treatment and avoidance of more significant health consequences.
What foods can improve my hypothyroidism?
The symptoms of hypothyroidism can be managed more effectively by following a diet that is both well-balanced and healthy.
These are some examples of foods that are rich in essential vitamins and minerals that are beneficial to thyroid function:
- Fish
- Eggs
- Iodized salt
- Whole grains
- Dairy products
- Nuts
- Edible seaweed
- Leafy green vegetables.
In addition, keeping a healthy weight, which is essential for one’s general health and well-being, can be aided by avoiding highly processed and sugary foods as much as possible.
Some individuals may discover that eating foods, such as cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and kale, can hinder the absorption of thyroid drugs. It’s possible for this to occur to them.
Does hypothyroidism ever get better on its own?
A few people with hypothyroidism will get better on their own. This is more common in moderate hypothyroidism situations and when the underlying reason is only transitory.
However, long-term medication will be required to control the illness if the underlying cause of hypothyroidism is not reversible, such as a genetic ailment or an autoimmune disorder.
The best way to maintain stable thyroid hormone levels and control any accompanying symptoms is to strictly adhere to your doctor’s instructions.
Prognosis
Hypothyroidism has a variable prognosis that depends on the patient’s severity and the quality of their ongoing management.
Many individuals with this condition can recover to a normal, active lifestyle with the help of medical medication.
A person’s thyroid hormone levels may need to be checked and adjusted for many years after the initial diagnosis, but with the correct care and attention, those with hypothyroidism can continue to lead full and productive lives.
Appropriate diagnosis and therapy can only be determined by discussion with a healthcare professional.
Appointment
For more information on “Hypothyroidism” and consultation with Dr. Valeria Simone MD at Southlake General Surgery, Texas, USA, contact our healthcare expert today and book a quick appointment at +1(817) 748-0200.